SWAPO’s decline and that of other anti-colonial national movements have exposed the organic incapacity of Africa’s bourgeois nationalists to realise the aspirations of the African masses for freedom from foreign domination,

Despite clinching the presidency with a 57% vote share and a historic win for president-elect Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah as the first woman leader of the country, Swapo was left with nine ministers failing to make it back to parliament.

Across southern Africa, political parties that have led their countries since the end of colonialism have ceded power to the opposition in recent months. Namibia bucked the trend.