Background Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), characterised by non-ischaemic scar/fatty replacement or isolated systolic dysfunction without dilatation, lacks validated risk ...

### Learning objectives Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 ,2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients ...

Background Patients with systemic ventricles of right ventricular morphology are at high risk of contractile dysfunction, the cause of which has not been fully elucidated. Objective To assess whether ...

Since Dillon and colleagues1 in 1973 described valvar vegetations by M mode echocardiography, the technique has assumed an increasingly important role in the assessment and management of endocarditis.

Objectives Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is commonly observed as a benign finding. However, the literature suggests that it may be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We performed a ...

Introduction The effects of music on humans have been well documented for thousands of years. There are several individual reactions to music that are dependent on individual preferences, mood or ...

The recent guidelines from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Society of Echocardiography have defined an abnormal ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle, as one that is ...

Introduction Traditionally, patients are kept nil-per-os/nil-by-mouth (NPO/NBM) prior to invasive cardiac procedures, yet there exists neither evidence nor clear guidance about the benefits of this ...

Introduction Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe, resulting in significant global health and socioeconomic burden. Accordingly, evaluating ...

Labetalol 1-5 mg/kg administered intravenously to normal subjects in the supine position produced an immediate mean fall in systolic (16%) and diastolic (25%) blood pressure with a concomitant ...

The estimate put to the House of Commons Health Select Committee was that 25 000 people in the UK die from preventable hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) every year.1 In addition to those ...