While other industries may be satisfied with production or service testing that includes in-circuit test (ICT) followed by functional test, locomotive testing requires additional functional test ...

Designing a load board or circuit board for IC testing sounds like a routine task that involves a few basic requirements and some common-sense approaches. But it’s not always that simple. With ...

AOI stands for Automated Optical Inspection, and is very common for testing circuit boards. This cheap AOI is the same idea, but with a lot of limitations.

Testing circuit card assemblies (CCAs) requires a delicate balance between performing exhaustive fault detection and reining in total assembly cost. With shrinking card real estate accompanied by ...