As the number of particles in a physical system increases, its properties can change and different phase transitions (i.e., shifts into different phases of matter) can take place. Microscopic systems ...

A pencil-shaped ultracold gas of frozen two-level atoms interacting via photon-mediated interactions, with elastic and inelastic components. A continuous laser drive excites the atoms on-resonance.

Be it magnets or superconductors: materials are known for their various properties. However, these properties may change spontaneously under extreme conditions. Researchers have discovered an entirely ...

Phase transitions are everywhere, ranging from water boiling to snowflakes melting, and from magnetic transitions in solids to cosmological phase transitions in the early universe. Particularly ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. There are limits to how far back we can see: the earliest galaxies, the ...

Optical clocks are highly precise timekeeping devices that measure time by tracking the oscillations of light, as opposed to microwaves, like conventional atomic clocks. The accuracy of these clocks ...