The research field of 'cellular IRESes' lay dormant for decades, as there was no uniform standard of reliable methods for the clear characterization of these starting points for the ribosome-mediated ...

In the earliest phase of creating human proteins, the protein complex NAC performs an essential task by starting the first steps toward folding proteins into their correct three-dimensional structures ...

The diagram illustrates the key stages of protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell. It begins with transcription to produce pre-mRNA in the nucleus (1), followed by post-transcriptional modification (2) ...

Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, have trapped the ribosome, a protein-building molecular machine essential to all life, in a key transitional state that has long eluded ...

In eukaryotic cells, a group of proteins known as GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are expressed on the cell surface, where they are attached to the cell membrane via a glycolipid called ...

The Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural sciences, health sciences, applied sciences and social sciences, according to their ...

Max Planck researchers identify the crucial protein for controlling the biosynthesis of steroidal glycoalkaloids and saponins in plants of the genus Solanum and for the first time demonstrate the ...

An illustration showing how the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC, green) at the ribosome (blue) helps the amino acid chain (white) to fold into a protein. In the earliest phase of creating ...