Spinal anesthesia was developed in the latter part of the last century when the German physicians Bier and Hildebrandt injected cocaine into their own cerebrospinal fluids. They experienced varying ...

How Does an Epidural Work? You may have heard of the epidural – the pain-relieving anesthesia that some pregnant women get when they’re giving birth. But it has other uses, too. This procedure isn’t ...

Anesthesia and analgesia should be provided to ferrets that are undergoing potentially painful surgical procedures. The epidural route of administration for anesthetic or analgesic drugs can be used.

The reversible and controlled induction of loss of motor and sensory function through the injection of local anesthetics into the epidural space is referred to as epidural anesthesia. This mode of ...