However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

Deep in the lungs, resident memory B cells stand guard against influenza reinfection—but whether they remain there may depend on how strongly they are signaled through their own receptors. New ...

Every flu season, injectable vaccines prime the immune system to produce antibodies that circulate through the bloodstream.

At the surface, the immune response to a flu virus is simple. Some cells recognize the pathogen and send a signal to the immune system, and immune cells produce a potentially lifesaving antibody ...

Stem-cell memory T (TSCM) cells are a rare subset of immune cells with the ability to self-renew, persist long term, and ...

Scientists analyzing human and mouse pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and spleens have identified a distinct subset of CD4 memory helper T cells associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Reported by ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...